Define polygenic and pleiotropic traits and explain their significance for researchers’ efforts to link human genotypes to phenotypes.
Question: Define polygenic and pleiotropic traits and explain their significance for researchers’ efforts to link human genotypes to phenotypes.
Polygenic traits are traits that are influenced by more than one gene, such as height, skin color, or intelligence. Pleiotropic traits are traits that are influenced by a single gene that has multiple effects, such as sickle cell anemia, which affects blood cells, immunity, and oxygen transport. These traits are significant for researchers who want to link human genotypes to phenotypes, because they show that the relationship between genes and traits is not always simple or straightforward. Polygenic traits require complex statistical methods to identify the genetic factors involved, while pleiotropic traits require careful analysis of the molecular mechanisms and interactions of the gene product.
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