Trace the history of integrated science in nigeria?
Question: Trace the history of integrated science in nigeria?
Integrated Science in Nigeria: A Historical Overview
Integrated science is a subject that aims to teach students the unity and interrelatedness of science disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, and others. It also seeks to develop students' scientific literacy, inquiry skills, and problem-solving abilities. Integrated science is taught in primary and junior secondary schools in Nigeria, as well as in colleges of education that train teachers for these levels.
The origin of integrated science in Nigeria can be traced back to the 1960s, when the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) initiated a project to develop a new curriculum for science education. The project was motivated by the need to address the challenges of teaching science per discipline, such as lack of resources, overcrowded syllabus, poor achievement, and low interest among students. The project also aimed to align science education with the national goals of self-reliance, social and economic development, and cultural integration.
The Nigeria Integrated Science Project (NISP) was born out of the argument to begin an integrated-science programme that would cover the first two forms of secondary school work. This was later referred to as the core curriculum for integrated science when the 6-3-3-4 system of education began . The NISP was funded by the Ford Foundation and supported by UNESCO and other international agencies. The NISP involved several activities, such as curriculum development, teacher training, textbook production, evaluation, and dissemination.
The NISP curriculum was based on the following principles:
- Science should be taught as a unified body of knowledge that reflects the natural phenomena and human activities.
- Science should be relevant to the students' environment and interests.
- Science should emphasize inquiry and discovery rather than memorization and recall.
- Science should foster positive attitudes and values towards science and society.
The NISP curriculum was organized into six themes: living things, matter and energy, earth and space, health and disease, technology and society, and scientific methods. Each theme consisted of several units that were designed to integrate concepts and skills from different science disciplines. The NISP curriculum also incorporated local examples, indigenous knowledge, and cultural diversity.
The NISP curriculum was implemented in several pilot schools across the country from 1971 to 1974. The results of the pilot study showed that the NISP curriculum was effective in improving students' achievement, interest, and attitudes towards science. The NISP curriculum was also found to be suitable for both urban and rural schools, as well as for both male and female students.
The NISP curriculum was officially adopted by the Federal Ministry of Education in 1977 as the national curriculum for integrated science at the junior secondary level. The NISP curriculum was also adapted for primary schools and colleges of education. The NISP curriculum has undergone several revisions and modifications over the years to reflect the changing needs and realities of science education in Nigeria.
Integrated science remains a core subject in the basic education system in Nigeria. It is expected that integrated science will help students develop a holistic understanding of science and its applications in their lives. It is also hoped that integrated science will inspire students to pursue further studies and careers in science-related fields.
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