Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons class 10th?
Question: Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons class 10th?
In the human body, the nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys that play a crucial role in the filtration and regulation of urine formation. The structure of a nephron consists of several components:
1. Renal Corpuscle: The renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters blood, while Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate.
2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): The filtrate from Bowman's capsule enters the PCT, where reabsorption of water, glucose, ions, and other vital substances occurs.
3. Loop of Henle: The Loop of Henle consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb. It creates a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney, allowing for the reabsorption of water and the concentration of urine.
4. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): The DCT is responsible for further selective reabsorption and secretion of ions and substances.
5. Collecting Duct: Multiple nephrons drain into a collecting duct, which carries the urine towards the renal pelvis.
The functioning of nephrons involves three main processes:
1. Filtration: Blood from the renal artery enters the glomerulus under high pressure. The blood pressure forces water, ions, glucose, and waste products to pass through the capillary walls into Bowman's capsule, forming the initial filtrate.
2. Reabsorption: As the filtrate moves through the tubules, essential substances like glucose, water, and ions are selectively reabsorbed into the bloodstream. This process occurs primarily in the PCT and the Loop of Henle.
3. Secretion: Substances that were not filtered initially or require elimination are actively transported from the blood into the tubules. This includes waste products, drugs, and excess ions.
Ultimately, the nephrons filter blood, reabsorb necessary substances, and excrete waste products, thereby maintaining the body's fluid balance and regulating the composition of urine.
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