Describe the trends across period 2 and in group 17 that make fluorine an extremely reactive element.
Question: Describe the trends across period 2 and in group 17 that make fluorine an extremely reactive element.
Fluorine is an amazing element that has some incredible properties. One of them is its high reactivity, which makes it react with almost anything. But why is fluorine so reactive? To answer that, we need to look at the trends across period 2 and in group 17 of the periodic table.
Period 2 is the second row of the table, where the elements have two energy levels or shells of electrons. As we move from left to right in this row, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, which means the positive charge of the nucleus increases. This makes the nucleus pull the electrons closer and tighter, making the atoms smaller and more compact. Smaller atoms have less shielding effect, which means the outermost electrons are more exposed to other atoms and more likely to be shared or transferred in a chemical reaction.
Group 17 is the last column of the table, where the elements have seven electrons in their outermost shell. This means they are very close to having a full shell of eight electrons, which is the most stable configuration. To achieve this, they tend to gain one electron from other atoms, forming negative ions called halides. Fluorine is the first element in this group, which means it has the smallest atom size and the highest electronegativity, which is a measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons. Fluorine has such a high electronegativity that it can even pull electrons from other halogens, forming compounds like chlorine fluoride or bromine fluoride.
These two trends make fluorine an extremely reactive element, because it has a very strong tendency to gain electrons and form bonds with other atoms. Fluorine can react with metals, nonmetals, organic compounds, water, and even some noble gases. Fluorine is so reactive that it can even ignite some substances on contact, releasing a lot of energy and heat. Fluorine is truly a fascinating and powerful element that deserves our respect and admiration.
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