Describe in brief the construction and working of gm counter?
Question: Describe in brief the construction and working of gm counter?
A Geiger-Muller (GM) counter is a type of radiation detection instrument used to measure ionizing radiation. Here's a brief description of its construction and working:
Construction: A GM counter consists of a cylindrical metal tube filled with a low-pressure inert gas, such as argon or helium, and a small amount of a halogen gas, usually neon or quench gas. The tube contains a central wire anode and an outer cylindrical metal cathode, both electrically isolated. The tube is typically enclosed in a protective casing.
Working: When ionizing radiation enters the GM counter, it interacts with the gas atoms inside the tube, causing ionization by displacing electrons from the gas atoms. The electric field created between the anode and cathode inside the tube accelerates these freed electrons, creating a cascade of secondary electrons as they collide with other gas atoms.
The avalanche of electrons reaches the anode, resulting in a measurable electrical pulse. This pulse is amplified and counted by the associated electronics of the GM counter. The rate of pulses detected corresponds to the intensity of the radiation present.
The GM counter is capable of detecting various types of ionizing radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. However, it is particularly sensitive to detecting low-energy radiation such as alpha particles due to the high ionization potential of the gas inside the tube.
Overall, the GM counter operates by detecting the ionization produced by radiation and converting it into measurable electrical pulses, enabling the detection and measurement of ionizing radiation levels.
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