How do x‑ray crystallographers reconstruct the crystal structure of a protein following x‑ray diffraction?

Question: How do x‑ray crystallographers reconstruct the crystal structure of a protein following x‑ray diffraction?

X-ray crystallographers first grow crystals of the protein of interest and then use a beam of X-rays to diffract off the atoms in the crystal. The resulting diffraction pattern provides information about the arrangement of atoms within the crystal. From this pattern, a three-dimensional model of the protein's atomic structure is reconstructed using complex mathematical algorithms, such as Fourier transforms and density maps. Finally, the model is refined and validated through iterative cycles of analysis and adjustment until it accurately represents the protein's structure.

 

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