In using agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer genes into plants, what is transferred from bacterium to plant?
Question: In using agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer genes into plants, what is transferred from bacterium to plant?
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a naturally occurring bacterium that can be used as a tool for transferring genes into plants. This process is known as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
The genes of interest are first cloned into a plant transformation vector that contains the T-DNA (transfer DNA) region derived from the Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The T-DNA is the segment of the plasmid that is transferred from the bacterium to the plant cell during infection.
When Agrobacterium is used to transfer genes into plants, the bacterium is first engineered to contain the plant transformation vector. The Agrobacterium is then used to infect the plant tissue, typically by either injection or by cocultivation of the plant tissue with the bacterium. The T-DNA is transferred from the Agrobacterium into the plant cell, where it integrates into the plant genome.
The T-DNA usually contains multiple genes, including the genes of interest that were cloned into the plant transformation vector, as well as other genes that are necessary for the transfer and integration of the T-DNA into the plant genome. Once the T-DNA has been integrated into the plant genome, the genes of interest are expressed in the plant and can confer the desired trait or phenotype.
In summary, what is transferred from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to the plant is the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid, which contains the genes of interest and the necessary genetic elements for the integration of the T-DNA into the plant genome.
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