Which two main techniques are used in biotechnology why?

Question: Which two main techniques are used in biotechnology why?

The two main techniques used in biotechnology are genetic engineering and fermentation. Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of genetic material to create new traits or modify existing ones, and is used to develop genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with desired characteristics, such as improved yield or disease resistance. Fermentation is the process of using microorganisms to convert a substrate into a desired product, such as ethanol or antibiotics. These two techniques are used in biotechnology because they allow for the modification and manipulation of biological systems at a molecular level, leading to new and improved products and processes with a wide range of applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and environmental science.