Explain soft and hard notions of community participation in citizenship education?

Question: Explain soft and hard notions of community participation in citizenship education?

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Community participation is a key concept in citizenship education, as it involves the active engagement of citizens in the social, political and economic aspects of their society. However, there are different ways of understanding and practicing community participation, which can be broadly categorized into soft and hard notions.

Soft notions of community participation emphasize the voluntary, cooperative and collaborative aspects of civic involvement. They focus on the values, attitudes and skills that enable citizens to work together for the common good, such as dialogue, empathy, tolerance and respect. Soft notions of community participation are often associated with informal, grassroots and bottom-up forms of civic action, such as volunteering, campaigning, protesting or organizing.

Hard notions of community participation stress the formal, institutional and legal aspects of civic engagement. They focus on the rights, duties and responsibilities that citizens have in relation to the state and its authorities, such as voting, paying taxes, obeying laws and demanding accountability. Hard notions of community participation are often associated with official, top-down and structured forms of civic action, such as elections, referendums, courts or parliaments.

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