State four harmful practices that deplete soil fertility?

Question: State four harmful practices that deplete soil fertility?

Four harmful practices that can deplete soil fertility are:

1. Overuse of synthetic fertilizers: Excessive application of synthetic fertilizers can lead to nutrient imbalances and soil acidification. While these fertilizers may initially boost crop yields, they can harm beneficial soil organisms and reduce the soil's ability to retain nutrients over time.

2. Deforestation and soil erosion: Clearing large areas of forests and natural vegetation disrupts the ecosystem and exposes the soil to erosion by wind and water. Erosion removes the fertile topsoil, which is rich in organic matter and nutrients, leading to reduced soil fertility.

3. Intensive monoculture farming: Growing the same crop repeatedly on the same land without proper crop rotation can deplete specific nutrients in the soil. The continuous demand for the same nutrients by the monoculture crops without replenishing them can lead to nutrient depletion and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.

4. Excessive irrigation and improper water management: Over-irrigation can cause waterlogging, leading to a decrease in soil aeration and the buildup of salts, which can be toxic to plants. Poor water management practices can also lead to soil salinization, where soluble salts accumulate in the soil, further reducing fertility and plant growth.

Implementing sustainable agricultural practices, such as crop rotation, organic farming, and reduced chemical inputs, can help mitigate these harmful effects and improve soil fertility in the long term.

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