State the principle of each of the following methods of separation using separating funnel?

Question: State the principle of each of the following methods of separation using separating funnel?

A separating funnel is a device that can be used to separate two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water. The principle of each of the following methods of separation using a separating funnel is:

- Decantation: This method involves pouring the upper layer of liquid into another container, leaving the lower layer behind. The liquids must have different densities and not mix with each other. For example, water and kerosene can be separated by decantation using a separating funnel.

- Extraction: This method involves adding a solvent that dissolves one of the liquids, but not the other. The solvent forms a separate layer with the dissolved liquid, which can be drained out from the funnel. The remaining liquid is then pure. For example, water and iodine can be separated by extraction using a separating funnel and ether as the solvent.

- Distillation: This method involves heating the mixture of liquids until one of them boils and evaporates. The vapour is then condensed and collected in another container. The liquid with the lower boiling point is separated from the one with the higher boiling point. For example, water and ethanol can be separated by distillation using a separating funnel and a heat source.

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