Distinguish between reduction and oxidation?
Question: Distinguish between reduction and oxidation?
Reduction and oxidation are two complementary processes that occur in chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons. They are often collectively referred to as redox reactions. Here's a clear distinction between reduction and oxidation:
1. Oxidation:
Oxidation is the process in which a substance loses electrons. This leads to an increase in the oxidation state or positive charge of the substance. During oxidation, the substance that loses electrons is called the reducing agent or reductant. Oxidation often involves the addition of oxygen to a compound or the removal of hydrogen from it. It can also involve the loss of electrons to another substance.
2. Reduction:
Reduction is the process in which a substance gains electrons. This results in a decrease in the oxidation state or positive charge of the substance. The substance that gains electrons is referred to as the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reduction can involve the addition of hydrogen to a compound or the removal of oxygen from it. It generally entails the acceptance of electrons from another substance.
In summary, oxidation involves the loss of electrons and an increase in positive charge, while reduction involves the gain of electrons and a decrease in positive charge. These two processes occur simultaneously in redox reactions, where electrons are transferred from one substance (undergoing oxidation) to another substance (undergoing reduction).
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