Differentiate between a system and surrounding in a chemical reaction?
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Question: Differentiate between a system and surrounding in a chemical reaction?
In this blog post, we will learn how to differentiate between a system and surrounding in a chemical reaction. A system is the part of the universe that we are interested in studying, such as a beaker containing a mixture of reactants. A surrounding is everything else in the universe that is not part of the system, such as the air, the table, and the thermometer.
A chemical reaction involves the transfer of energy between the system and the surrounding. The energy can be in the form of heat, work, or both. Depending on the direction of the energy transfer, we can classify a chemical reaction as exothermic or endothermic.
An exothermic reaction is one that releases energy to the surrounding. This means that the system loses energy and the surrounding gains energy. The temperature of the system decreases and the temperature of the surrounding increases. An example of an exothermic reaction is the combustion of methane:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) -> CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + energy
An endothermic reaction is one that absorbs energy from the surrounding. This means that the system gains energy and the surrounding loses energy. The temperature of the system increases and the temperature of the surrounding decreases. An example of an endothermic reaction is the decomposition of water:
H2O(l) + energy -> H2(g) + O2(g)
To measure the amount of energy transferred in a chemical reaction, we use a device called a calorimeter. A calorimeter is an insulated container that minimizes the heat exchange between the system and the external environment. By measuring the temperature change of the system and/or the surrounding, we can calculate the heat transfer using the formula:
q = mc∆T
where q is the heat transfer, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ∆T is the temperature change.
We hope this blog post has helped you understand how to differentiate between a system and surrounding in a chemical reaction. If you have any questions or comments, please leave them below.
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