Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of general transcription factors in eukaryotes?
Question: Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of general transcription factors in eukaryotes?
In this blog post, we will explore the role of general transcription factors in eukaryotes. General transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences near the promoter region of a gene and help recruit the RNA polymerase complex. They are essential for initiating transcription of most protein-coding genes in eukaryotes.
General transcription factors can be divided into two groups: basal and regulatory. Basal transcription factors are required for the formation of the pre-initiation complex, which consists of RNA polymerase II and other factors that position it at the start site of transcription. Regulatory transcription factors are involved in modulating the rate and specificity of transcription by interacting with enhancers, silencers, or other DNA elements that influence gene expression.
Some examples of general transcription factors are:
- TFIID: This factor binds to the TATA box, a common DNA sequence found in many promoters, and serves as a platform for the assembly of other factors.
- TFIIH: This factor has both helicase and kinase activities. It unwinds the DNA around the start site and phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, which allows it to transition from initiation to elongation.
- TFIIB: This factor stabilizes the interaction between TFIID and RNA polymerase II and helps orient the polymerase on the template strand.
- TFIIE: This factor facilitates the opening of the DNA by TFIIH and recruits TFIIH to the pre-initiation complex.
- TFIIF: This factor binds to RNA polymerase II and helps it escape from the promoter and enter the elongation phase.
General transcription factors play a crucial role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. They ensure that transcription occurs at the right place, time, and level for each gene. They also coordinate with other factors, such as chromatin modifiers, mediator complex, and coactivators or corepressors, to fine-tune the transcriptional output.
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