Who coined the term shock to describe a state of circulatory collapse resulting from excessive blood loss or trauma?

Question: Who coined the term shock to describe a state of circulatory collapse resulting from excessive blood loss or trauma?

The term shock to describe a state of circulatory collapse resulting from excessive blood loss or trauma was coined by George W. Crile, an American surgeon and physiologist, in his 1899 monograph, "An Experimental Research into Surgical Shock".  

Crile suggested that shock was defined as a state of vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) due to excessive nervous stimulation, which reduced the blood pressure and impaired the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and cells.  

Shock can have various causes, such as hemorrhage, infection, heart attack, or spinal cord injury, and can lead to serious complications such as organ failure or death if not treated promptly.   

Shock is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests, and the treatment depends on the underlying cause.   

Some of the common symptoms of shock are weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, confusion, unconsciousness, and low blood pressure.

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