The lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber which is anatomically an air tight chamber. list the structure involved in the formation of thoracic chamber.
Question: The lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber which is anatomically an air tight chamber. list the structure involved in the formation of thoracic chamber.
The lungs are vital organs for respiration and gas exchange. They are located in the thoracic chamber, which is a sealed space that separates the chest from the abdomen. The thoracic chamber is formed by several structures that work together to create a negative pressure that allows the lungs to expand and contract. These structures are:
- The thoracic vertebrae and the intervertebral discs, which form the posterior wall of the thoracic chamber.
- The ribs and the costal cartilages, which form the lateral walls of the thoracic chamber. The ribs are attached to the thoracic vertebrae by joints and to the sternum by cartilages. The ribs also have muscles and tendons that help them move during breathing.
- The sternum, which forms the anterior wall of the thoracic chamber. The sternum is composed of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The manubrium articulates with the clavicles and the first pair of ribs, while the body articulates with the second to tenth pairs of ribs. The xiphoid process is a small projection at the lower end of the sternum that serves as an attachment point for some abdominal muscles.
- The diaphragm, which forms the inferior wall of the thoracic chamber. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It has a central tendon and peripheral muscular parts that attach to the lower ribs, the lumbar vertebrae, and the xiphoid process. The diaphragm contracts and flattens during inspiration, increasing the volume of the thoracic chamber and creating a negative pressure that draws air into the lungs. It relaxes and rises during expiration, decreasing the volume of the thoracic chamber and pushing air out of the lungs.
- The mediastinum, which is a central compartment within the thoracic chamber that contains the heart, the great vessels, the trachea, the esophagus, and other structures. The mediastinum is divided into four regions: superior, anterior, middle, and posterior. The superior mediastinum extends from the superior thoracic aperture to a horizontal plane passing through the angle of Louis (the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum). The anterior mediastinum is a narrow space between the sternum and the pericardium (the sac that encloses the heart). The middle mediastinum contains the pericardium and its contents. The posterior mediastinum extends from the posterior pericardium to the posterior thoracic wall and contains structures such as the esophagus, the aorta, and the thoracic duct.
- The pleurae, which are thin membranes that cover the lungs and line the inner surface of the thoracic chamber. The pleurae consist of two layers: visceral and parietal. The visceral pleura covers the surface of each lung and follows its contours. The parietal pleura lines the inner surface of each half of the thoracic chamber and is divided into four parts: cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal. The pleurae form a closed sac around each lung called a pleural cavity, which contains a small amount of fluid that lubricates and reduces friction between
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