What personality will be developed by a child if there is a successful completion of each stages of psychosexual development by sigmund freud?
Question: What personality will be developed by a child if there is a successful completion of each stages of psychosexual development by sigmund freud?
According to Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, human personality is largely shaped by the events that occur during childhood, especially in the first five years of life. He proposed that there are five stages of psychosexual development, each with a different focus and a different potential conflict. If these conflicts are resolved successfully, the child will develop a healthy and balanced personality. However, if they are not resolved, or if they are overindulged or underindulged, the child will develop psychological problems and personality traits that reflect the unresolved stage.
The five stages of psychosexual development are:
- Oral stage (birth to 18 months): The main source of pleasure and gratification is the mouth. The child explores the world by sucking, biting, chewing, etc. The main conflict is weaning, or the transition from breast or bottle feeding to solid food. If this stage is completed successfully, the child will develop trust, optimism and independence. If not, the child may become either orally fixated (overly dependent, gullible, passive) or orally aggressive (sarcastic, cynical, argumentative).
- Anal stage (18 months to 3 years): The main source of pleasure and gratification is the anus. The child learns to control their bowel movements and develops a sense of mastery and autonomy. The main conflict is toilet training, or the balance between self-control and freedom. If this stage is completed successfully, the child will develop a sense of competence, orderliness and responsibility. If not, the child may become either anal retentive (obsessive, stingy, rigid) or anal expulsive (messy, wasteful, rebellious).
- Phallic stage (3 to 6 years): The main source of pleasure and gratification is the genitals. The child becomes aware of their sexual identity and develops an attraction to the opposite-sex parent. The main conflict is the Oedipus complex for boys and the Electra complex for girls, or the resolution of the incestuous desire and the fear of castration or loss of love. If this stage is completed successfully, the child will develop a healthy sexual identity, self-esteem and moral values. If not, the child may become either phallic narcissistic (vain, arrogant, exhibitionistic) or phallic insecure (inferior, anxious, submissive).
- Latency stage (6 to puberty): The sexual impulses are repressed and sublimated into other activities. The child focuses on learning, socializing and developing skills and interests. There is no specific conflict in this stage, but the previous conflicts may resurface if they are not fully resolved. If this stage is completed successfully, the child will develop a sense of industry, competence and achievement. If not, the child may become either latency inhibited (uncreative, conformist, passive) or latency overactive (restless, aggressive, competitive).
- Genital stage (puberty to adulthood): The sexual impulses are reawakened and directed toward appropriate partners. The main task is to establish mature and intimate relationships with others. The main conflict is the balance between love and work, or the integration of one's identity and values with those of society. If this stage is completed successfully, the person will develop a sense of generativity, creativity and fulfillment. If not, the person may become either genital immature (selfish, immature, dependent) or genital frustrated (dissatisfied, bored, isolated).
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